Abstract This paper compares the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after different surface treatments, the plasma nitriding using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), and the deposition of SiC thin films with Cr interlayer using High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). A microstructural characterization was performed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The creep test was performed at a constant load from 500 to 600 °C and 125 to 319 MPa, and a fractographic analysis was performed. The EDS analysis of the plasma nitrided layer indicated the nitrogen presence of the compounds TiN and Ti2N and an increase in the iron concentration. Creep test results in both conditions indicated an increase in the creep resistance. Plasma nitrided condition indicated the lowest creep rate and lesser elongation, making it the most suitable in applications that require a low dimensional distortion.

O presente estudo avalia a resposta de cepas de Plasmodium falciparum às drogas antimaláricas, através de testes in vitro, isoladas em 7 municípios do sul do Estado do Pará. Foram efetuados 69 testes para cloroquina e mefloquina, 62 para amodiaquina e 61 para quinino. Os resultados mostram elevada resistência para cloroquina (71%), relativamente baixa resistência para amodiaquina com (25,8%) e para o quinino apenas 8,2%. Mefloquina revela ampla sensibilidade (100%), mas, demonstrando perda da mesma quando comparada em dois períodos distintos. Evidenciou-se também cepas multirresistentes em dois dos municípios estudados.

The responses of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs were evaluated through the in vitro test using blood sample collected from patients of 7 municipalities of the south of Pará State. Sixty nine microtests for chloroquine and mefloquine, 62 for amodiaquine and 61 for quinine were pet formed. The results showed a high resistance for chloroquine (71%), a relatively low resistance level for amodiaquine (25.8%) and little resistance to quinine (8.2%). For mefloquine 100% of sensitivity was found.

Foram realizados 171 testes de sensibilidade (microtécnica) com cepas de Plasmodium falciparum da Região Amazônica brasileira para cloroquina, mefloquina, amodiaquina e quinino. Os testes tiveram duração de 24 horas com as drogas preparadas na hora da realização de cada teste. Os resultados mostraram elevada resistência a cloroquina (83%) e sensibilidade em quase a totalidade das amostras testadas para mefloquina (97,7%). Para amodiaquina e quinino observou-se sensibilidade em 51,0% e 56,5% das cepas, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstra a emergência de um possível foco de resistência do Plasmodium falciparum a mefloquina, em Tucuruí.

Drug resistance tests were performed with 171 strains of P. falciparum obtained from the Amazon Region, using chloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine and quinine. Tests lasted about 24 hours and the drug solutions were prepared just before use. Results show high percentage of resistance to chloroquine (83%) whereas nearly all strains were shown to be sensitive to mefloquine (97.7%). For both amodiaquine and quinine sensitivities were of 51.0% and 56.5% respectively. The present study demonstrates that resistance to mefloquine may be starting in Tucuruí, Pará.